EDF Renewables and Equinor, Mainstream Renewables and Siemens, and Red Rock Power are among the 57 companies and consortiums which failed to be designated offshore wind acreage in Scotland's waters.
Crown Estate Scotland announced the 17 winning bids - from a total of 74 entered - in its ScotWind leading round, meaning a lot of energy suppliers and renewable technology specialists will now be looking elsewhere.
Red Rock Power expressed its “disappointment” in not being selected during the process, in which it formed a joint venture with Italian oil giant Eni.