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The Conversation
The Conversation
John Cook, Senior Research Fellow, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne

Do Middle-earth and Westeros make sense? Climate scientists modelled them to find out

A still from Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001) where the fellowship attempts to cross the Misty Mountains. New Line Cinema

When English author J.R.R. Tolkien crafted his fantasy world Middle-earth, he argued storytellers are essentially “sub-creators” – they build fictional realms with internally consistent laws.

For a world to be truly immersive and believable, readers apply what is known as the “principle of minimal departure”. This assumes anything not explicitly magical, such as a planet’s weather or gravity, must adhere to the laws of the real world.

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