SACRAMENTO, Calif. — The wife of a California congressman died late last year after ingesting a plant that’s generally considered safe and is used as an herbal remedy for a variety of ailments, including diabetes, obesity and high cholesterol, KHN has learned.
Lori McClintock, the wife of U.S. Rep. Tom McClintock, R-Calif., died from dehydration due to gastroenteritis — an inflammation of the stomach and intestines — caused by “adverse effects of white mulberry leaf ingestion,” according to a report from the Sacramento County coroner that’s dated March 10 but wasn’t immediately released.
KHN obtained that report, the autopsy report and an amended death certificate containing an updated cause of death.
The coroner’s office ruled her death an accident. The original death certificate, dated Dec. 20, 2021, listed the cause of death as “pending.”
Tom McClintock, who represents a district in northern and central California, found his 61-year-old wife unresponsive at their Elk Grove, California, home on Dec. 15, 2021, according to the coroner’s report. He had returned from Washington, D.C., after voting in Congress the night before.
It’s unclear from the autopsy report whether Lori McClintock took a dietary supplement containing white mulberry leaf, ate fresh or dried leaves or drank them in a tea, but a “partially intact” white mulberry leaf was found in her stomach, according to the report.
Her death underscores the risks of the booming market of dietary supplements and herbal remedies, a $54 billion industry in the United States that lawmakers and health experts say needs more government scrutiny.
“Many people assume if that product is sold in the United States of America, somebody has inspected it, and it must be safe,” U.S. Sen. Dick Durbin, D-Ill., said this spring when he introduced legislation to strengthen oversight of dietary supplements. “Unfortunately, that’s not always true.”
Daniel Fabricant, president and chief executive officer of the Natural Products Association, which represents the dietary supplements industry, questioned whether McClintock’s death was related to a supplement.
“It’s completely speculative,” said Fabricant, who oversaw dietary supplements for the federal Food and Drug Administration during the Obama administration. “There’s a science to this. It’s not just what a coroner feels. People unfortunately pass from dehydration every day, and there’s a lot of different reasons and a lot of different causes.”
Fabricant said it would have been ideal had the coroner or the family reported her death to the FDA so it could have investigated.
Such reports are voluntary. It’s not clear whether anyone reported her death to the agency. FDA spokesperson Courtney Rhodes said the agency doesn’t discuss possible or ongoing investigations.
Tom McClintock did not respond to requests for comment. He has remained mostly silent about his wife’s death since he released a statement on Dec. 19, 2021, announcing it and gave a tribute to her at her Jan. 4 funeral. Until now, the cause of death had not been reported.
At his wife’s funeral, McClintock told mourners she was fine when he spoke with her the day before he returned and had told a friend “she was on a roll” at a new job in a Sacramento real estate office, and “she was carefully dieting.”
“She just joined a gym,” he said. “At home, she was counting down the days to Christmas, wrapping all the gifts and making all the plans to make it the best family Christmas ever. And it would have been.”
According to the coroner’s report,, the day before her death, “She had complaints of an upset stomach.”
Sacramento County spokesperson Kim Nava said the law prohibits the coroner’s office from discussing many details of cases. If any medications or supplements are found at the scene of a death or if pertinent information is in the person’s medical records, those are passed along to the pathologist to help establish the cause of death, Nava said.
“Any information the office obtains from medical records can’t be disseminated to a third party except by court order,” she said.
The leaves and fruit of the white mulberry tree, native to China, have been used for centuries in traditional medicine. Academic studies over the past decade have found the extract from its leaves can lower blood sugar levels and help with weight loss. People take it in capsule or pill form, as an extract or powder. They also can brew the leaves as an herbal tea.
Lori McClintock’s reaction seems unusual. No deaths from the white mulberry plant have been reported to poison control officials in the past 10 years, according to the American Association of Poison Control Centers.
Since 2012, 148 cases of white mulberry plant ingestion were voluntarily reported to poison control officials nationally, most involving accidental ingestion by children 12 or under, said Kaitlyn Brown, clinical managing director for the association. Only one case required medical follow-up, she said.
While poison control centers track exposures to the white mulberry plant, the FDA oversees dietary supplements, such as products that contain white mulberry leaf extract. Since 2004, two cases of people sickened by mulberry supplements have been reported to the agency, according to its database of “adverse events.” It relies heavily on voluntary reports from health care professionals and consumers. One of those cases was known to have led to hospitalization.
White mulberry leaf can have side effects including nausea and diarrhea, according to research.
Independent lab tests ordered by the coroner’s office showed McClintock’s body had elevated levels of nitrogen, sodium and creatinine — all signs of dehydration, according to three pathologists who reviewed the coroner’s documents, which KHN redacted to remove McClintock’s name.
White mulberry leaves “do tend to cause dehydration, and part of the uses for that can be to help someone lose weight, mostly through fluid loss, which, in this case, was just kind of excessive,” said Dr. D’Michelle DuPre, a retired forensic pathologist and former medical examiner in South Carolina who reviewed the documents.
Lawmakers aren’t proposing to put supplements into the same category as pharmaceuticals, but some say they are alarmed that neither the FDA nor the industry knows how many dietary supplements are available — making it almost impossible to oversee them.
The FDA estimates 40,000 to 80,000 supplement products are on the market in the United States. Industry surveys estimate that 80% of Americans use them.
Legislation proposed by Durbin and U.S. Sen. Mike Braun, R-Ind., would require manufacturers to register with the FDA and provide a public list of ingredients in their products — two provisions backed by the Council for Responsible Nutrition, another industry group that represents supplement-makers.
But the council is lobbying against a provision that would require supplement-makers to provide consumers with the ingredient amounts in their products, something they say is akin to giving a recipe to competitors. That’s information only government regulators should have access to, said Megan Olsen, the group’s senior vice president and general counsel.
Olsen said supplement manufacturers are regulated like other food companies, subject to strict labeling requirements and inspections by the FDA. They must inform the agency about any adverse effects reported by consumers or doctors.
“Companies are testing products throughout the process, are reviewing how they’re being manufactured and what’s going into them,” Olsen said. “All of that is overseen and dictated by FDA regulation.”
The dietary supplement provisions were rolled into a larger Senate health committee bill that reauthorizes FDA programs, and senators are in negotiations with the House of Representatives.
The Natural Products Association opposes all of the dietary supplement provisions.
Because dietary pills, teas and other supplements are regulated as food products, manufacturers can’t advertise them as treatments or cures. But they can make claims about how the supplements affect the body. So someone who wants to lose weight or get their diabetes under control might reach for a bottle of white mulberry leaf extract because some supplement-makers advertise it as a natural remedy that can lower blood sugar and promote weight loss.
Such claims have been especially potent during the pandemic, as people sought to boost their immune systems against COVID-19, said Debbie Petitpain, a registered dietician nutritionist and a spokesperson for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
But dietary supplements can be dangerous and don’t affect everyone the same way. Mixing supplements and prescription medicines can compound problems, according to the FDA.
“I think a lot of people are thinking, ‘Oh, it’s a plant.’ Or, ‘Oh, it’s just a vitamin. Certainly, that means that it’s not going to hurt me,’ ” Petitpain said. “But there’s always a risk for taking anything.”
It’s not clear why Lori McClintock was taking white mulberry leaf. Friends and family members who gathered for her funeral described a vibrant, happy woman who loved her family and her work and already had wrapped Christmas presents under the tree in mid-December. She was planning to buy a recreational vehicle with her husband in retirement.
“We grieve the loss because of all the things she was looking forward to doing and all the years yet ahead,” Tom McClintock told mourners. “And we grieve for something else because we’ve all lost a genuinely good person in our lives.”
KHN (Kaiser Health News) is a national newsroom that produces in-depth journalism on health issues.
