A species of fungus found in the irradiated ruins of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone is receiving renewed interest from space scientists, who are examining whether its unusual resilience could help shield astronauts from cosmic radiation. The organism, often described as a fungus 'feeding on gamma radiation', has become a focal point in early research into biological protection systems for long-duration missions.
The melanised fungi, including Cladosporium sphaerospermum, were first identified clinging to surfaces near the destroyed reactor despite its intense radiation environment. Their cell walls contain melanin, a pigment that appears to absorb and dissipate ionising radiation. Laboratory evidence suggests that melanin can protect fungal cells by neutralising free radicals produced during radiation exposure.
