In Central African Republic, a disarmament program aimed at helping former fighters transition to civilian life faces significant challenges. Since its inception nearly a decade ago, around 5,000 fighters have laid down their arms, but many struggle to find sustainable alternatives to conflict.
The country has been embroiled in violence since 2013, with clashes between predominantly Muslim rebels and mostly Christian militias. Despite a 2019 peace deal, armed groups continue to operate, with some even leaving the agreement.
One notable presence is Wagner, a Russian mercenary group accused of recruiting local militias and exploiting the country's resources. Some militia members who worked with Wagner had previously gone through the national disarmament program.
Former fighters who participated in the program cite challenges such as limited vocational training opportunities and difficulties in reintegrating into society. The lack of viable employment options and pervasive poverty in the country contribute to the high rate of recidivism among ex-combatants.
The program, initially piloted by the U.N. peacekeeping mission, expanded to government oversight in 2018. However, operational inconsistencies and interruptions due to conflict dynamics have hindered its effectiveness.
Experts criticize the program for its short-term focus and inadequate support for transitioning fighters. The boundaries between armed groups remain fluid, with reports of fighters being recruited by both Wagner and the national defense forces.
Despite international funding from organizations like the World Bank and the U.S. State Department, the program continues to face challenges in providing sustainable pathways for former combatants.
Former fighters who have refrained from returning to conflict express ongoing struggles, including difficulties in finding employment and reintegrating into their communities. The threat of poverty and lack of opportunities perpetuate the cycle of violence in Central African Republic.
Efforts to address the root causes of conflict and provide comprehensive support for ex-combatants are crucial in achieving lasting peace in the region.
