A Belfast law firm has issued more than 70 emergency High Court actions against the state covering a range of allegations including collusion and failure to investigate and extra judicial killings.
The move, by KRW Law, comes as new legislation which will offer an effective amnesty from prosecution for Troubles -era crime has been tabled at Westminster.
The proposals, first mooted last year, were almost universally opposed by political parties across the UK and Ireland as well as victims’ groups.
Read more: Video: SDLP's Claire Hanna evokes infamous Will Smith Oscars quote in clash with DUP
The Northern Ireland Troubles (Legacy and Reconciliation) Bill, the Government says, aims to provide better outcomes for victims, survivors and veterans.
Immunity will be offered to those who are deemed to have co-operated with an information retrieval body.
The Independent Commission for Reconciliation and Information Recovery (ICRIR) will be headed by a judge.
The legislation will also stop future inquests and civil actions related to the Troubles, however, it does not fully close the door to criminal prosecutions.
It is understood victims’ campaigners are considering mounting a legal challenge to the Bill.
But reacting to the Bill on Tuesday night, Kevin Winters of KRW, accused the Government of a “sleight of hand” aimed at stopping further situations arising like last week when the PSNI were forced to issue a public apology to the family of murdered GAA official Sean Brown over a “hopelessly failed murder investigation”.
He added: “There was no indication either last night or beforehand that a section would be inserted to exclude any civil action issued on the day of the First Reading of the Bill before Parliament. Yet section 38 of The Bill does exactly that and more.
“In our view this breaches article 6 of the ECHR (Right to a fair Hearing). Our entire office staff were involved throughout the day in issuing over 70 emergency High Court actions against the State alleging various torts including misfeasance (collusion), failure to investigate and extra judicial killings and executions.
“At the start of the day we had no inkling that a crude and unjust line would be drawn to guillotine any cases issued on the day of the First Reading. It will lead to inevitable judicial review challenge if there’s an attempt to exclude these freshly issued cases.”
The solicitor added that the Government is also “trying to shut down inquests which haven’t reached a certain advanced status”, a move he described as “nothing short of disgraceful when you consider that it’s the State itself which has delayed the Inquest system by systemically refusing resources to allow inquests to take place”.
In the Dail on Tuesday, Sinn Fein leader Mary Lou McDonald likened the actions of the UK Government to those of a “rogue state”.
“We have had really shocking and devastating news from Westminster this morning. For families, for communities that spent decades fighting for truth and justice for their loved ones lost in the conflict.
“This is an outrage. It is totally outside of international law and I have to say it means definitively now the shredding of the Stormont House Agreement. It is to me akin to the actions of a rogue state.”
“They refuse to work in partnership with anybody, with the Irish Government.
“They treat families, survivors, with utter contempt.”
Earlier, the Sinn Fein Stormont leader Michelle O’Neill had attacked the legislation, saying it “appears to be to cover up and close down any investigation into British state policy in Northern Ireland over the last 50 years”.
“In effect, they’re like pouring concrete over Britain’s role in the conflict,” she told the BBC.
“There should not be an amnesty for anybody, this is absolutely all about the British Government trying to cover up their role in the conflict.
“The focus is on bringing forward an amnesty that supports a policy intent by them to cover up and to prioritise the wants of British military above the needs of victims, and we have many families that are sitting this morning that are really concerned, and they’re devastated because this is so far-reaching.
“That is not the way to deal with the past and create a better future.”
The party’s policing and justice spokesman called the proposals an “amnesty through the back door for British state forces”.
Gerry Kelly said: “The British government is acting like a totalitarian state and their actions are a cruel blow to families who have waited more than five decades on truth and justice.”
DUP MP Gavin Robinson cautioned against undermining access to justice.
“Victims of wrongdoing must always have access to justice for the suffering they endured in the Troubles.
“If this Bill undermines access to justice for innocent victims then it will be a further corruption of justice,” he said.
“Ninety per cent of the deaths in the Troubles were deliberate killings by terrorists. Many of those terrorists have never stood in court.
“Those victims’ families deserve justice. No terrorist should ever be able to stop looking over their shoulder.
“We will be studying the detail of this Bill and will continue to be a voice for innocent victims and those who stood against terrorism during those dark days.”
UUP leader Doug Beattie said he has raised serious concerns around the Bill.
“In particular I want to see a mechanism emerge that can successfully and effectively target those who directed terror and gave the orders for shootings and bombings, even if they themselves were not present to pull a trigger or plant a device,” he said.
“Terrorist godfathers must be held accountable as must those who continue to justify their actions.”
SDLP leader Colum Eastwood has described the decision to proceed with the legislation as an “egregious dereliction of duty following opposition from victims and survivors, political parties and the Irish Government”.
“In their rush to protect former soldiers they will shut down routes to justice through inquests and civil cases, shield paramilitary killers and fundamentally alter the rights of those who have lost loved ones,” he said.
Earlier, Raymond McCord, whose son was killed by loyalists, described government proposals for dealing with the past as “disgusting”.
Mr McCord said the “clear message to victims was to eff off”.
“It’s disgusting. Brandon Lewis says it’ll bring reconciliation, I don’t want to be reconciled with the murderers of my son, and neither does anyone in my family,” he told the PA news agency.
“Throwing litter in the street will be a bigger crime than mass murder, this whitewash of all these murders, to turn around and say it’ll bring reconciliation - I’m from the unionist community, I don’t need this to reconcile me with someone from the nationalist community because they are my friends.
“The proposals are unworkable and they [Government] know it, and I will do everything in my power to stop these going through Parliament.”
Amnesty International has called the Bill a “disturbing interference in the justice system”.
Grainne Teggart, campaigns manager, said the Bill “dismisses victims’ clear objections to the Government closing down paths to justice”.
“Now is the time for the UK Parliament to decide if it will allow the Government to cast aside the rule of law and sacrifice victims’ rights to protect perpetrators,” she said.
“That would send a very troubling message to victims here as well as to human rights abusers all over the world.”
Michael O’Hare, brother of Majella O’Hare, a 12-year-old girl shot dead by a soldier in 1976, is among those seeking an independent investigation into a loved one’s killing.
“We do not want this. The Bill gives no consideration for the rights and needs of victims. It tells us the lives of our loved ones did not matter.
“I need all those in power to stand with me and other victims and reject this bill - deliver us the truth and justice we have fought so long and hard for,” he said.
“The passage of time has not diminished the devastation of losing my sister Majella to bullets from a soldier’s machine gun. This legislation is shameful, we will oppose it every step of the way.”
Earlier Secretary of State Brandon Lewis described a “very difficult area”, adding: “It can be very painful for people.”
However, he said the current system “isn’t working for people”, and that it should not take 50 years for people to get information about the death of their loved one.
Mr Lewis told the BBC the legislation would “give people a reason to come forward and a motivation to come forward that at the moment simply doesn’t exist”.
He said immunity would be judged by the independent body based on how people have engaged.
“That would be a matter for the independent body which will also have a judge involved in that process,” he said.
More than 3,500 people were killed during the Troubles, including more than 1,000 members of the security forces.
Most of the deaths are attributed to republican paramilitaries, while 30% are blamed on loyalist paramilitaries and 10% attributed to the security forces.
Read more: Analysis: Boris Johnson visits Northern Ireland to muddle through Brexit mess of his own making
Read more: UK to introduce law to change Brexit Protocol trade deal
For the latest politics news straight to your inbox, sign up to our newsletter here.
