When every Winter Olympics passes, the conversation quickly turns to how dangerous everything seems to be. Well, almost everything.
The Winter Olympics is largely about speed at extreme temperatures, trying to tame conditions that maybe shouldn't always be tamed.
Four athletes have died during the Winter Olympics in the history of the games. Two deaths have come in luge, one in alpine skiing and one in the demonstration sport of speed skiing.
The alpine skier who died was Australian Ross Milne, a young speed specialist at his first Olympics in 1964. Milne's brother, Malcolm, would later be the Australian flag bearer and compete at two Olympics. Malcolm would also be the first non-European to win a World Cup downhill race, breaking ground for skiers internationally.
For experts, these are still likely the most dangerous disciplines on show, but what about for the beginners and intermediates.
These are how the sports rank in terms of danger from the perspective of those on the couch at home.
Least dangerous
15. Curling
While you can fall over a fair bit when launching a stone, it's relatively safe.
The ice is surprisingly sticky, and the slider only takes a little bit to get used to.
You might fall over, trip on a stone or have one bang into your ankle at some speed.
14. Cross-country skiing
You are going to get really tired, but you should be pretty safe.
Falling at speed down a hill might be a challenge, but you might throw in the towel before then.
13. Figure skating
Realistically, a beginner isn't going to do crazy jumps.
You might fall over, it might feel pretty bad. But your figures are going to be pretty basic, and the real danger ramps up with the difficulty.
Dangerous
12. Bobsleigh
This is a balanced rating – it's all pretty dangerous by this point. As a brake in the two or four-person bobsleigh, not much is required beyond the push. From there, it's all in the pilot's hands.
But what if you are a pilot, or in the monobob? It's extremely challenging. Would not try.
This one could easily be higher, but they are all pretty dangerous from here.
The sled also protects the body to some degree, and keeps it from shooting off the track.
11. Biathlon
This one has a gun and it comes in as the fourth safest.
The mitigating factor here is the safety measures in the range and how many people would quit before even getting to the range. If things go poorly, however, it's pretty dangerous.
10. Speed skating
Yes, there may be giant knives on the feet of these athletes. But long track sees plenty of space between opponents, and the knives are a fair way away from the body.
Most would crash within metres of the start line, but if you can get going, you should be safe from your opponent.
9. Ice Hockey
Nope. You are going to fall, you are going to get hit.
Maybe you will be bad enough in your first shift that it is your last. And you shouldn't be hit hard off the puck, which you surely will be considering a lack of any skill.
8. Snowboarding
Anyone who has seen a beginner snowboarder knows how unpleasant an experience it is to watch.
Thankfully, true beginners would be unlikely to gain enough speed to damage themselves on the jumps of the slopestyle, big air or halfpipe.
Intermediates have a fair chance of holding up enough to go over the edge, but most would figure it's a bad idea.
And in the snowboard cross, Markus Schairer broke his neck after crashing at the 2018 Winter Olympics. So pretty dangerous all up.
7. Alpine skiing
Again, another sport where the potential for harm increases the better you are at the sport.
True beginners would likely crash and eliminate themselves before they could get into real trouble.
Intermediates who try to compete might get themselves into real trouble, especially in the downhill and super-G. And this event has killed Olympians before.
6. Short track speed skating
Yes, this is the event that Steven Bradbury nearly died in. Yes, it has many people with super sharp blades going around the track, close to each other.
But for a beginner or intermediate, it'd be hard to be in that mix. Accidents are pretty common in the sport, but dangerous ones are less so and you have to be good enough to be put in that position.
5. Skeleton
The biggest obstacle is hopping on the sled here – it takes a fair amount of practice to event start this event, let alone finish it.
There's a fair chance that most would fail to stick the landing, ending the race before it starts.
Those who do land it? They are in for a scary, scary time.
Extremely dangerous
4. Freestyle skiing
This one gets a bump on the snowboarding due to the aerials, which is a short ski run followed by being launched up to 20 metres in the air.
Again, beginners would possibly crash before the jump, but unlike the other events above the only skiing is in a short, straight line. If you go over the edge, it's going to hurt, and you could die.
3. Ski jumping
Unlike the other skiing events, the ski jump places athletes on a track. There's no turning, no real ability needed to get down to the bottom.
You are going off the edge.
If somehow, on the way down you fall, then you might fall down the track or through scaffolding at significant speed.
But when you get off the edge, you are faced with the increasingly important issue of how to land at between 80 and 100kmph while a few metres in the air.
A whole lot of nope.
2. Nordic combined
This is slightly more dangerous because the marginally dangerous cross-country follows the ski jumping, amplifying the difficulty very slightly.
Top spot
1. Luge
Unlike the skeleton, you don't have to mount the sled mid-flight. Unlike the bobsleigh, there's nothing to really protect you or no good way to steer. Or no brake or pusher spot to hide in.
There's no way out, just ice, concrete and gravity. People die doing this.
You can't really see while going down, and gravity speeds you up on the way.
Pretty much any of the top 12 have claims to this spot, especially the final three. But the luge is absolutely, fundamentally scary.
