A rise in interest rates by the Bank of England is looking “increasingly likely” if energy prices remain high, a deputy governor at the central bank has said.
Clare Lombardelli said during a speech in Warsaw that energy price pressure could drive rate-setters to tighten fiscal policy unless there is particular weakness in the economy.
Ms Lombardelli, who has been a deputy governor at the Bank since 2024, was one of the six-to-three majority who voted to maintain UK interest rates at 3.75 per cent earlier this month.
On Thursday, she said: “The longer higher energy prices persist, the greater the risk that indirect effects build and that inflation expectations, wage bargaining and price-setting behaviour begin to adjust in response.
“On that basis, policy is increasingly likely to need to tighten if elevated energy prices persist, absent clear evidence of disinflation or weaker activity.”
She added: “The key issue is not the spot price of energy itself but the interaction of the underlying economy, higher energy prices, and the nature of their transmission.
“That, ultimately, is what will determine whether the Bank rate needs to rise.”
It comes after inflation lifted to a five-month high of 3.1 per cent last month, moving further away from the Bank’s 2 per cent target rate.
Inflation is widely to predicted to keep rising over the coming months as higher energy costs continue to filter through, with households set to witness a roughly 4 per cent rise in the energy price cap from next week.
The Bank has predicted that inflation will increase to around 3.7 per cent in the fourth quarter of this year and 4.2 per cent in the first quarter of 2027.
Ms Lombardelli said: “There remains material uncertainty about the size and duration of the shock and how it will pass through the economy.
“But the larger the energy shock becomes and the longer it persists, the more likely it is that we will eventually see significant pass-through of higher energy costs to other prices.”
She also pointed towards a predicted rise in food price inflation as manufacturers pass higher energy costs on to consumers.
Food inflation recently hit a two-year-low of 1.3 per cent but is predicted to move towards 4 per cent in the first quarter of next year, according to the Bank.
