Azerbaijan, a small petrostate in the South Caucasus, is set to host the U.N.'s largest climate conference, COP29, in its capital, Baku. This annual summit will bring together diplomats from around the world to address the escalating threats of climate change in a region historically tied to the oil industry.
With a rich oil-producing history dating back to the 19th century, Azerbaijan has been a significant player in the global energy market. President Ilham Aliyev, the country's authoritarian leader, views oil and gas as vital resources, describing them as a 'gift of the gods.'
Despite its heavy reliance on fossil fuels, Azerbaijan is making efforts to transition towards renewable energy sources. Plans include developing hydropower, solar, and wind projects, showcasing a commitment to a greener future.
However, critics have raised concerns about Azerbaijan's green energy commitments, labeling them as 'greenwashing.' The country's environmental monitoring practices have been questioned, with reports of limited transparency and crackdowns on civil society.
As Azerbaijan gears up to host COP29, the focus will be on its role in the global energy landscape. The country's strategic position as a gas supplier to Europe underscores its geopolitical significance, especially in light of shifting energy dynamics following the conflict in Ukraine.
While Azerbaijan aims to increase its fossil fuel production to meet demand, there are calls for a greater emphasis on renewable energy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The spotlight on Azerbaijan at COP29 will highlight both its economic reliance on fossil fuels and the global imperative to transition towards sustainable energy solutions.
