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Doug Specht, Reader in Cultural Geography and Communication, University of Westminster

As Ukraine rebuilds amid constant Russian attack, small towns and villages are being sidelined

Destroyed cars sit on the Zhytomyr highway, roughly 12 miles from Kyiv, in April 2022. Drop of Light / Shutterstock

In the early days of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Russian armoured columns pushed east along the Zhytomyr highway towards Kyiv. Makariv, a small settlement of about 10,000 people 36 miles west of Kyiv, sat on their route. The town was wrecked in the month of fighting that ensued.

Roughly 40% of the settlement’s infrastructure was destroyed and the bodies of 132 executed civilians were recovered by April 2022. A 2026 account puts the total death toll as high as 238. Yet Makariv was never taken. It held, with Russian forces only taking control of about 10% of its land, and Kyiv held behind it.

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