On a September day in 2020, New York City Police Officer Baimadajie Angwang kissed his toddler goodbye and was about to drive to work when he was surrounded by rifle-toting agents from the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation.
“You’re under arrest,” the bewildered cop was told. The charge: being a secret agent for China.
Angwang, a former US marine, spent six months in a federal detention centre before he was freed on bail while awaiting trial on charges that he fed information about New York’s Tibetan community to officials at the Chinese consulate in New York.
Then, just as suddenly, it was over. Federal prosecutors in Brooklyn dropped the charges on January 19, saying only that they were acting “in the interest of justice”. They didn’t explain further.
Now Angwang wants to be reinstated to the police force, which suspended him with pay while the case was pending. But more than that, he wants answers.
“Why did you start the investigation on me? Why did you drop all the charges?” said Angwang, who was born in Tibet but was granted political asylum in the US as a teenager.
“We want an explanation. We’re demanding it because you owe me,” he said during an interview at his lawyer’s office.
“You can’t just put me in jail for six months and ruin my name, ruin my reputation and give all this stress to my family members and friends, and then you say, ‘In the interest of justice’. You’re just going to leave it like that?”
China has claimed a vast stretch of the Himalayas as part of its territory since the 13th century, and China’s Communist Party has ruled over Tibet for seven decades. But the relationship has been fraught with tension with many Tibetans – some in exile – seeking independence.
The original charge against Angwang was that he began supplying information to Chinese officials on Tibetan independence groups in New York in 2018.
In court documents, prosecutors said Angwang was a threat to national security.
He was charged with being an unregistered foreign agent, making false statements to federal investigators, obstruction of justice and wire fraud. There were no allegations of espionage, a more serious accusation.
In building its initial case against Angwang, prosecutors argued that he provided intelligence on ethnic Tibetans who might cooperate with Chinese officials and advised them on how to expand China’s “soft power” in New York.
Specifically, the government said, he sought a tit-for-tat arrangement that would give him a 10-year visa to his homeland in return for surveillance information and access to the police department.
The case was built partly on recorded phone calls, including some in which authorities said Angwang called a consular official “big brother” and “boss”.
Angwang told The Associated Press news agency that his words were either mistranslated from Mandarin or taken out of context. He said he became superficially friendly with Chinese officials because he needed the visa to visit his homeland, so his parents and other relatives could meet his daughter.
The judge presiding over the case sought answers about why the charges were dismissed, but federal prosecutors declined to divulge classified information that might have given clues.
The US Attorney’s Office in Brooklyn also declined to comment.
The judge agreed to dismiss the case without prejudice, meaning the government could press charges again, a possibility that weighs on Angwang but that his lawyer suggests is unlikely.
The lawyer, John Carman, surmised his client became caught up in efforts by the administration of then-President Donald Trump to root out Chinese espionage across US institutions, including the economy, academics and other facets of public life.
Angwang contends there were shades of racism targeting people with Chinese links.
“I think our criminal justice system sometimes goes off the track when it has a publicity aspect to it and when it has a political aspect to it, and this case had both,” Carman said.
Angwang first visited the US as a teen on a cultural exchange visa. He went back to Tibet but later returned to the US, saying he had been arrested and beaten by Chinese authorities. He moved in with an uncle in Queens and was granted asylum at age 17.
In his adopted country, Angwang enlisted in the US marines and served in Afghanistan. After being discharged, he joined the army reserves and enrolled in the police academy.
He said it was his way of giving back to a country that has been so good to him.
With the charges dropped, he said he wants to regain the good graces of his Tibetan community, which remains suspicious.
“I’m very proud of my heritage. I love my culture, and I love the community,” Angwang said. He said he was wrongly depicted as a three-way traitor.
“So I’m a traitor of my birthplace? I’m a traitor of America? I’m a traitor of the Tibetan community – which I was never a traitor. I never betrayed anyone – my fellow Tibetans, my fellow Americans, anybody,” he said.
Norbu Choezung – the president of the Tibetan Community of New York and New Jersey, a group with 10,000 members of Tibetan heritage – remains wary. He, too, wants the government to provide more details about why it dropped the case.
“It’s a little fishy,” Choezung said. “We as a community definitely want to dig deeper why his charges have been dropped and how those things happened.”
US District Judge Eric Komitee, who presided over the case, was left with questions but said he was glad Angwang’s ordeal was over.
“In some ways a straightforward case but also in some ways, especially given the landscape of statutes at issue, a complicated matter,” the judge said, also noting the “fanfare” in which the case was brought.
“It’s unfortunate, obviously, that Mr Angwang did serve as much time as he did in jail pretrial or in detention pretrial,” the judge said, “but better late, as they say, than never.”
