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Tom’s Hardware
Tom’s Hardware
Technology
Zak Killian

AI developer runs 28.9-million-parameter model on $10 ESP32-S3 microcontroller — uses Google's Per-Layer Embeddings technique, stores table on 16MB Flash memory

A photo of an ESP32 microcontroller wired up to a small screen showing AI benchmark results.

When we talk about running local AI these days, the conversation usually either revolves around mini-PCs like the RTX Spark or drifts into wistful thinking about home servers and ludicrously expensive professional GPUs. Well, I reckon the most impressive AI hardware trick in a good while just happened on a piece of silicon that costs less than a decent burger. Last week, a Ukrainian developer named Slava S, who simply goes by 'slvDev' on GitHub, dropped a project called ESP32-AI. It's exactly what you think: he got a 28.9-million-parameter language model running locally, entirely on-device, on an ESP32-S3 microcontroller.

If you haven't read any of our previous coverage of this tiny chip, ESP32-S3 boards offer about the best bang for buck in the whole computing world. You can snag one online with a protective case for under $20 here in the States, and bare boards are readily available for under $10 around most of the world. As you'd expect from a chip so cheap, it's not powerful. On this variant, the S3, you get exactly 512KB of SRAM, 8MB of PSRAM, and 16MB of flash memory, which is not very much memory at all. So how exactly do you cram a nearly 30-million parameter model onto a chip with less primary storage than a single raw photo from your smartphone?

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