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The Guardian - UK
The Guardian - UK
Entertainment
Philip Oltermann European culture editor

A medieval manuscript has confounded scholars for centuries. Have they been reading it wrong all this time?

Folded page from the Voynich Manuscript.
Folded page from the Voynich manuscript. Photograph: Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group/Getty Images

It has been called the world’s most mysterious manuscript: a medieval set of pages filled with botanical drawings, astronomical diagrams, pictures of nude women and indecipherable text. Claimed at various times to be a book in a lost language, a musical score, an instruction manual or just an elaborate hoax, the so-called Voynich manuscript’s true meaning has defied cryptographers and codebreakers for centuries.

Now, new research offers an explanation for why a scholarly consensus over this enduring puzzle has been so hard to come by: not only because its truth is so profoundly mysterious – but because everyone has been reading its pages in the wrong order.

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