A Ukrainian woman who was living in UK only a few weeks ago is now back in her home nation making petrol bombs with family as they prepare to defend their country.
According to the UN, more than 800,000 civilians have now fled the Ukraine amidst the Russian invasion, with over 450,000 crossing the border into Poland.
However many more are staying put, making rudimentary weapons using glass bottles and chemicals, and barricading bomb shelters with metal sheets in scenes not witnessed in Europe since the Second World War.