A massive, fast-moving cloud of ash hundreds of metres tall and several kilometres wide has swept over southern Paraguay, as storms blew debris from wildfires raging in neighbouring Argentina following two years of severe drought.
The colossal bank of smog enveloped Asunción, Paraguay’s capital, late on Monday, shrouding the city and its suburbs in a thick, grey haze with the aroma of burnt vegetation.
Forecasters warned residents to stay inside to avoid breathing in the smoky miasma.
In the southern district of Ayolas, where fires have been blazing since early January, conditions were so dark that birds went up into the trees to roost, thinking it was night, said Ray Mendoza, a volunteer firefighter.
“In a question of minutes the city fell into complete darkness,” Mendoza said. “It’s the first time in 20 to 25 years doing this that I’ve seen something like it.”
An index measuring particulate matter in the air shot up from single digits to over 180, close to levels deemed “very unhealthy” by the US Environmental Protection Agency.
Striking videos on social media showed the towering wall of dust and soot racing over the Paraná River from the province of Corrientes in northern Argentina – 250km (155 miles) south of Asunción – and smothering beaches, farms and highways.
El fenómeno que afectó hoy a la localidad de Ayolas, Misiones, Central y otros departamentos se lo denomina "haboob". Las corrientes descendentes (outflow) procedentes del sistema de tormentas levantó a su paso polvo y otras partículas, como ceniza y hollín.
— AMPY. 🇵🇾⛈📷 (@AnthonyPaez595) February 28, 2022
🎥Elpequenhopark2.0 pic.twitter.com/zcQgRqNUoL
Motorists were forced to turn on their headlights and pull over as visibility dropped to near-zero and darkness fell in the early afternoon. “Lord Jesus, my God,” one passenger exclaimed.
A weather front of cold air from the south acted “like a broom,” explained Eduardo Dose, a Paraguayan hydrologist, scooping up soot from burnt pastures and forests as well as dust from drought-stricken wetlands. Strong winds then channelled the choking cloud up the Paraguay River and directly to the capital.
Violent storms are normal for the sub-tropical region, Dose added. “But if we’re going to talk about what causes the fires, there we can talk about climate change.”
Massive fires have been raging across Argentina for almost two months. Nearly a million hectares in Corrientes have been burned, an area the size of Puerto Rico or Cyprus. Blazes continue to burn in nine of Argentina’s 23 provinces.
Así se desarrolló en fenómeno climatológico en gran parte de Paraguay 🇵🇾 pic.twitter.com/oZQhihyfB7
— Hernan Joel Bogarin (@Hernanbogarin) March 1, 2022
Scientists point to a once-in-a-century drought – in turn linked to the global climate crisis, the la Niña weather pattern, and rampant deforestation for soybean plantations and cattle ranches in the Amazon and beyond – as lying behind the blazes.
Monoculture pine plantations have also served as highly combustible fuel for both accidental and human-made conflagrations.
“Scorching summer temperatures, high winds, and dry vegetation have combined to turn parts of South America into a tinderbox,” said Nasa in a report with satellite imagery of the fires in Corrientes in mid-February.
The fires are decimating irreplaceable wildlife in Argentina’s vast, northeastern wetlands, killing and displacing jaguars, anteaters, capybaras, birds and amphibians.
Roughly half of Parque Iberá, an ambitious rewilding project covering about 1,600 sq km in the far north of Corrientes close to the Paraguayan border, was lost after lightning struck the dried-out nature reserve.
“It is with a heavy heart that I share the devastation that wildfires are causing in the Iberá wetlands,” tweeted Kristine Tompkins, president of Tompkins Conservation, which has created 13 national parks, including Iberá, across Chile and Argentina.
With soybean and cattle products representing over a third of Argentina’s exports, the government has been slow to respond. A bill to protect the wetlands was withdrawn from congress by the progressive government of Alberto Fernández in December.
Social media influencer Santi Maratea raised almost $1m to buy fire trucks and equipment for volunteer firemen in Corrientes, who are shouldering most the work.
Volunteers have also been struggling to put out fires in the district of Ayolas, southern Paraguay, which contributed to the ash cloud.
“We’ve had some rain in recent days but it’s not enough to put out all the fires in the area,” said Mendoza.
