Who has access to paid sick and medical leave?

In the United States, when employees or their family members get sick, they often have the option to take one of two types of leave. There is sick leave for short-term health needs. There is also what is known as family and medical leave, usually reserved for extended absences related to health needs. While federal law requires these provisions to be available for certain workers, there is no federal law requiring that workers be paid during the leave. Some states mandate that employers provide paid leave depending on the business, but they are in the minority.

Where are the different types of paid health-related leaves available?