France’s decision to expand its nuclear arsenal for the first time in decades is drawing mixed reactions across Europe, reopening debate over who should guarantee the continent’s security.
President Emmanuel Macron set out the plan in a speech at the Ile Longue submarine base on Monday, announcing an increase in warheads and what he called “advanced deterrence”. He also invited European partners to host French assets, take part in exercises and integrate conventional forces under Paris’s sole command.
