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Politics
Meriem Naili, PhD candidate, College of Social Sciences and International Studies, University of Exeter

Western Sahara: the six-decade struggle to liberate Africa's last colony

Sahrawi protesters demand an end to hostilities by Morocco in the occupied territory of Western Sahara at the Square of Nations in Geneva, Switzerland in 2021. Photo by Carlos Gil Andreu/Getty Images

Western Sahara is the territory in north-west Africa bordered by Morocco in the north, Algeria and Mauritania in the east and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. A former Spanish colony, it’s listed by the United Nations as one of only 17 territories that remain without self-government.

Since becoming independent from France in 1956, Morocco has been claiming sovereignty over Western Sahara. In the late 1970s, the kingdom formally annexed around 80% of Western Sahara, over which it exercises de facto control. This followed the so-called “Green March” of 6 November 1975 in which between 100,000 and 350,000 Moroccans resettled in Western Sahara to

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