As a world-leading authority on virus evolution, Eddie Holmes wasn't surprised when COVID-19 first appeared.
Like many people who study the emergence of infectious diseases, Professor Holmes believes SARS-CoV-2 was an accident waiting to happen.
But in the years since he became one of the first people in the world to publicly share the SARS-CoV-2 genome, much of the way the virus has evolved has taken him by surprise.
