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The Guardian - UK
The Guardian - UK
World
Patrick Wintour Diplomatic editor

‘We’re in 1938 now’: Putin’s war in Ukraine and lessons from history

Silhouette of an armoured vehicle and soldiers in a field at sunset
Polish soldiers at a training session with a Nato battle group in Orzysz, Poland, in 2022. Photograph: Anadolu Agency/Getty Images

When big history is self-evidently being written, and leaders face momentous choices, the urge to find inspiration in instructive historical parallels is overwhelming and natural. “The only clue to what man can do is what man has done,” the Oxford historian RG Collingwood once wrote.

One of the contemporary politicians most influenced by the past is the Estonian prime minister, Kaja Kallas, and not just because of her country’s occupation by Russia or her personal family history of exile.

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