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The Conversation
The Conversation
Antonio Machado Allison, Professor of Environment and Latin American Studies, Wesleyan University

Venezuela’s fragile environment faces rising risks as US pushes for oil and critical minerals and illegal gold mining spreads

Open pit gold mines have spread across large areas of the Orinoco Mining Belt in recent years. Magda Gibelli / AFP via Getty Images

Venezuela’s Orinoco River Basin is a wild land of lush forests, grasslands and a vast delta of jungle wetlands teeming with wildlife. River dolphins and endangered Orinoco crocodiles ply its waterways, and over 1,000 freshwater fish and bird species can be found there.

During the rainy season, the Orinoco is the world’s third-largest river by discharge. But this region – which Venezuelans rely on for water and hydropower – is facing a growing environmental disaster.

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