U.S. job openings fell in April from a record in the prior month though remained elevated at roughly double the number of unemployed Americans, suggesting little relief for employers struggling to attract and retain workers.
The number of available positions decreased to 11.4 million in the month from an upwardly revised 11.9 million in March, the Labor Department’s Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey, or JOLTS, showed Wednesday. The median forecast in a Bloomberg survey of economists called for 11.35 million openings.
The JOLTS report has become one of the key markers of the tightness of the U.S. labor market, often referenced by Federal Reserve officials like Chair Jerome Powell as a sign the economy can withstand higher interest rates without a significant jump in unemployment. Policy makers are aiming to reduce demand for labor, in turn cooling wage growth and helping lower inflation, without tipping the economy into recession.
The somewhat improved, though still-elevated number of vacancies shows labor demand remains strong. Firms are struggling to hire from a limited pool of workers, highlighting the mismatch in labor supply and demand that’s kept wage growth high. However, there are signs such gains may be peaking, a heartening development for the Fed if not for American workers.
Some 4.4 million Americans quit their jobs in April, little changed from the prior month. The quits rate, a measure of voluntary job leavers as a share of total employment, was unchanged at 2.9%.
There were about 1.9 jobs for every unemployed person in April, down slightly from March. Fed Governor Christopher Waller referenced the closely watched ratio in a speech earlier this week, in which he also said that tighter policy won’t lead to much of an increase in unemployment since demand for workers will still be strong, just less so.
Layoffs fell to a fresh record low in April, but separate data from the Labor Department has shown an uptick in applications for unemployment insurance in recent weeks. Hires held steady at an elevated level.
The decrease in job openings reflected drops in health care and social assistance, retail trade and accommodation and food services. Industries such as transportation, warehousing, and utilities as well as manufacturing posted notable increases.
A separate report Wednesday showed a measure of factory employment contracted in May for the first time since November 2020. The JOLTS figures showed hiring in manufacturing eased in April despite openings rising.
The data precede Friday’s monthly jobs report, which is currently forecast to show the U.S. added 325,000 payrolls in May and the unemployment rate fell to 3.5%, which would match the lowest since 1969.
