While much of the world’s attention is focused on conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East, the Sahel region of Africa is facing serious conflicts that also demand urgent attention. Countries in this region, such as Burkina Faso, Gabon, Guinea, Mali, Niger, and Sudan, have experienced military coups or all-out war. The Sahel region is characterized by a dangerous mix of religious extremism, poverty, and environmental decline, which exacerbate existing ethnic and tribal fault lines.
The Tenth Parallel, identified as the fault line between African Islam and Christianity, has played a significant role in conflicts in the region. The division of Sudan into two countries in 2011 occurred along this fault line after years of civil war. Resource rivalries and divergent allegiances to world powers further complicate the situation within religious groups.
An overlooked aspect of these conflicts is natural resource access and environmental degradation, worsened by climate change. The United Nations Security Council has taken action in the past regarding conflicts in the Democratic Republic of Congo, imposing sanctions on rebels benefiting from the illicit minerals trade. However, a more integrative approach to peacebuilding is needed in the Sahel, considering the resource nexus in long-term agreements.
Gold smuggling has been identified as a key factor fueling conflicts in the region, with significant amounts of gold being smuggled out annually. Russia's involvement in supporting rebel groups in the Sahel raises concerns, as forced migration to Europe can be exploited by anti-Western forces. Environmental issues present an opportunity for creating a broader approach to conflict resolution, as demonstrated by initiatives like the 'Great Green Wall' project.
Chad, bordering Niger and Sudan, is a country requiring immediate attention due to its diverse ecosystems, including the Lake Chad Basin, a vital source of fresh water for millions. The development community could leverage natural resources to facilitate mediation among conflicting parties in the Sahel. The U.S. Embassy in Chad could potentially convene a forum to explore this approach, paving the way for discussions on power-sharing, governance, and democratic transition.
The Sahel region was making progress towards improved governance and sustainable development before conflicts derailed much of that advancement. It is crucial to refocus attention on this neglected part of the world to address the complex challenges it faces.
