The national unemployment rate was 14.7% in April 2020, evidence of the economic toll that the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent shutdowns have had on the economy. The downturn has affected the employment of different racial, ethnic, and gender groups differently.
Based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 20.2% of Hispanic or Latino women in the labor force were unemployed in April, more than triple the 6% without jobs in March. The unemployment rate for Hispanic or Latino men jumped from 5.1% in March to 16.7% in April. For Black men, the unemployment rate more than doubled from 7% to 16.1%. The rate rose from 5.2% to 16.4% for Black women.
White, non-Hispanic men also had their unemployment rate triple from 3.7% in March to 12.4% in April, which is the lowest unemployment rate among groups that BLS breaks down by race, ethnicity, and gender.
In addition to historically more likely to be unemployed, Hispanic and Black workers were likelier to have worked in some of the worst-hit industries during the pandemic. Hispanic and Black workers respectively represented 17.6% and 12.3% of the total labor force in 2019, but their shares were higher in the retail trade, leisure and hospitality, and education and health services. Those three sectors accounted for 10.9 million of the 20.5 million jobs lost in April.
Demographic makeup and jobs lost in select industries
|
Black or African American |
Hispanic or Latino |
White | Women | Asian |
Jobs lost (March 2020 - April 2020) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Total Employees (16+) |
12.3% | 17.6% | 77.7% | 47% | 6.5% | -20,537,000 |
|
Leisure and hospitality |
13.1% | 24% | 74.6% | 51.2% | 6.9% | -7,653,000 |
|
Education and health services |
15.1% | 13.5% | 75.3% | 74.8% | 6.4% | -2,544,000 |
|
Professional and business services |
10% | 16% | 77.4% | 41.3% | 9.6% | -2,165,000 |
|
Retail trade |
12.3% | 18.3% | 77.6% | 47.6% | 5.7% | -2,106,900 |
| Manufacturing | 10.4% | 16.8% | 79.5% | 29.4% | 6.8% | -1,330,000 |
| Construction | 6.4% | 30.4% | 88.1% | 10.3% | 1.9% | -975,000 |
|
Transportation and utilities |
20.1% | 18.8% | 71% | 24.1% | 5.6% | -587,400 |
|
Financial activities |
10.5% | 12.9% | 79.6% | 52.6% | 7.5% | -262,000 |
While the unprecedented pandemic affected what types of jobs were lost, when analyzing unemployment data by demographics, it's necessary to couch the data in prior history. As the nation seeks economic recovery and to lower the overall unemployment rate, it's worth watching the degree to which those numbers fall for different groups and if long-standing employment gaps remain.
