London (AFP) - A Briton on Friday became the first person in decades to plead guilty to treason, after admitting trying to harm Queen Elizabeth II with a loaded crossbow in Windsor Castle in 2021.
Jaswant Singh Chail, 21, from southern England, was detained on the grounds of the royal residence on Christmas Day while the late queen was there.
He admitted to an armed officer at the scene that he was there "to kill the queen", and pleaded guilty to three charges at a criminal court hearing.
They include a section of the Treason Act, dating back to 1842 that outlaws attempts to "injure the person of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II or to alarm Her Majesty".
He also pleaded guilty to making threats to kill, and possessing an offensive weapon.
After his arrest, it emerged that he had stated his intent in a video recorded four days earlier, which he sent to his phone contacts list about 10 minutes before he was apprehended.
He planned the attack as revenge for the 1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre of Indians by British colonial troops, previous court hearings heard.
Queen Elizabeth passed away peacefully nearly nine months later, on September 8, aged 96, after a year of failing health.
Chail, an unemployed former supermarket worker, had been due to stand trial later this year over the incident at Windsor, west of London.
But appearing at the capital's Central Criminal Court, known as the Old Bailey, via video-link from high-security psychiatric hospital Broadmoor, he admitted all three charges.
He is now due to be sentenced at the same court on March 31, with medical reports ordered before that.
Nick Price, a senior official of the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS), said it was "a serious incident but fortunately a rare one".
"Thankfully police officers intervened and nobody was hurt," he added in a statement.
Lord Haw-Haw
In the last such case, Briton Marcus Sarjeant was sentenced to five years' imprisonment in 1981 after pleading guilty to firing blank shots at the queen when she was on a horseback parade in central London.
In 1945, William Joyce -- also known as Lord Haw-Haw, who collaborated with Germany during World War II -- was the last person to be convicted under the separate and more serious 1351 Treason Act.
He was sentenced to death and hanged the following year.
Chail's incursion happened while the queen was spending Christmas Day 2021 at Windsor Castle with her eldest son and heir, Prince Charles, and his wife Camilla.
The would-be assailant, dressed in black and wearing a hood, gloves and metal mask, had scaled the perimeter of the grounds with a nylon rope ladder.
He was in the grounds for around two hours before being detained without resistance.
Two soldiers from the Grenadier Guards heard him telling an armed officer that he intended to kill the queen.
The crossbow in his possession was loaded and ready to fire, with its safety catch in the "off" position, according to the CPS.
Chail had previously applied to join the Ministry of Defence Police and the Grenadier Guards, in a bid to get close to the royal family, the court previously heard.
In the video shared with his contacts on Snapchat prior to entering the castle grounds, Chail said he was "sorry for what I've done and what I will do".
"I will attempt to assassinate Elizabeth, Queen of the Royal Family," he stated, referencing the 1919 massacre in India.
The death toll remains disputed but hundreds at least were killed when British troops opened fire on a packed crowd in Amritsar.
