The U.S. Supreme Court justices expressed skepticism on Wednesday toward a lawsuit against Twitter Inc by the family of a Jordanian man killed in an Istanbul nightclub massacre as they weighed for a second straight day whether to hold internet companies accountable for contentious content posted by users.
American relatives of Nawras Alassaf accused Twitter of aiding and abetting the Islamic State group, which claimed responsibility for the Jan. 1, 2017, attack that killed him and 38 others during a New Year's celebration, by failing to police the social media platform for its accounts or posts.
The nine justices heard arguments in Twitter's appeal after a lower court allowed the lawsuit to proceed and found that the company had refused to take "meaningful steps" to prevent Islamic State's use of the platform.
The justices on Tuesday heard arguments in an appeal arising from a separate lawsuit against Google LLC-owned YouTube, part of Alphabet Inc, by the family of an American woman killed in a Paris attack by Islamist militants. Both lawsuits were brought under a U.S. law that enables Americans to recover damages related to "an act of international terrorism."
Conservative Justice Neil Gorsuch said Anti-Terrorism Act focuses liability on aiding a person who engaged in a terrorist act.
"We all appreciate how horrible the attack was, but there's very little linking the defendants in this complaint to those persons," Gorsuch said of Twitter.
Justice Department lawyer Edwin Kneedler, arguing in favor of Twitter's position on behalf of President Joe Biden's administration, said a company might be liable under the statute if it engaged in "personal interaction" with the perpetrator of an unlawful act. But Kneedler said Twitter's services were too remote from the act of terrorism in the case.
Conservative Justice Brett Kavanaugh raised doubts over the scope of the statute, reminding Eric Schnapper, a lawyer for Alassaf's relatives, about CNN's 1997 interview with the then-leader of al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden.
"Could under your theory CNN have been sued for aiding and abetting the Sept. 11 attacks?" Kavanaugh asked, referring to the 2001 attacks on the United States in which al Qaeda militants crashed hijacked airplanes.
The justices asked Seth Waxman, the lawyer representing Twitter, questions about the scope of the Anti-Terrorism Act, testing the company's argument that it should not be held liable for providing a service used by millions of people while also enforcing a policy against terrorism-related content.
"You're helping by providing your service to those people, with the explicit knowledge that those people are using it to advance terrorism," liberal Justice Elena Kagan said.
Conservative Justice Amy Coney Barrett added, "If you know ISIS is using it, you know ISIS is going to be doing bad things, you know ISIS is going to be committing acts of terrorism."
Barrett, however, challenged Schnapper over whether the claims in the lawsuit were specific enough, asking: "Does your complaint contain any specific allegations about ways in which Twitter was used to perpetrate this attack?"
Liberal Justice Sonia Sotomayor suggested that in a "neutral business setting - using something that is otherwise not criminal, a platform to communicate with people" without trying to help a person commit a crime - might not satisfy the law's requirements to allow for a lawsuit.
'SUBSTANTIAL ASSISTANCE'
A key issue is whether the family's claims sufficiently allege that the company knowingly provided "substantial assistance" to an "act of international terrorism" that would allow the relatives to maintain their suit and seek damages under the anti-terrorism law.
Biden's administration has argued that the Anti-Terrorism Act imposes liability for assisting a terrorist act and not for "providing generalized aid to a foreign terrorist organization" with no causal link to the act at issue.
Islamic State called the attack revenge for Turkish military involvement in Syria. The main suspect, Abdulkadir Masharipov, an Uzbek national, was later captured by police.
The justices in the case argued on Tuesday appeared torn over whether to narrow a form of legal immunity provided under Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act that shields internet companies from a wide array of lawsuits. The lower court dismissed that case largely based on Section 230 immunity.
That case involves a bid by the family of an American woman named Nohemi Gonzalez who was fatally shot in a 2015 rampage in Paris - an attack for which Islamic State also claimed responsibility - to hold Google liable for recommending to certain YouTube users content from the group.
In the Twitter case, the San Francisco-based 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals did not consider whether Section 230 barred the family's lawsuit. Google and Meta's Facebook also are defendants, but did not formally join Twitter's appeal.
Rulings in both cases are due by the end of June.
(Reporting by Andrew Chung; Editing by Will Dunham)
