In Turkey, a student-led campaign highlighting trade with Israel is putting President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in an increasingly tight spot. While the president has officially declared an embargo over Israel's war in Gaza, youth activists are exposing ongoing dealings that risk embarrassing the government and crossing traditional political divides.
In Istanbul's conservative Uskudar district overlooking the Bosphorus waterway, activists from the group 1,000 Youth for Palestine recently gathered to protest the killing by Israeli security forces of the Turkish-American activist Aysenur Ezgi Eygi.
But along with chants condemning Israel, the demonstrators also attacked Erdogan and his government for Turkey's continuing trade with Israel.
"I am here to force the Turkish government to stop the oil trade with Israel and to stop genocide," declared Gulsum, a university academic who only wanted to be identified by her first name for security reasons.
"This is not just a public demand. It's also a legal obligation for Turkey to stop genocide."
Since the start of Israel's military campaign in Gaza, the student-based group has directed its protests at the export of Azerbaijani oil to Israel by way of a Turkish port.
It also targets Turkish companies – many of which have close ties to Erdogan – that it accuses of circumventing the trade embargo by using third parties.
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Unifying cause
The group uses social networks to broadcast its message, getting around government-controlled media.
The activists say they have received broad support that crosses Turkey's traditional divides of religious and secular.
"When it comes to Palestine, it is a story that we all unite about," said Gizem, a university student and 1,000 Youth for Palestine member.
"There are those who define themselves as socialists and those who define themselves as Islamists. There are also apolitical youth who say 'I don't like politics', but still join us."
While Erdogan presents himself as a stalwart defender of the Palestinian cause, police are cracking down on the protests.
One of the group's Palestinian members was arrested after activists disrupted a panel discussion on Israel hosted by the state broadcaster. She now faces deportation in a case that has provoked further protests.
Images of police arresting headscarf-wearing members of the group further embarrassed Erdogan and his religious base.
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'Divide and rule'
Sezin Oney, a commentator for Turkey's Politikyol news portal, says the group's diversity poses a problem for Erdogan, given he has often sought to exploit the deep divisions between religious and secular voters when facing attack.
She argues that 1,000 Youth for Palestine's ability to bridge those gaps is indicative of a wider change in Turkish society.
"It's actually portraying the current youth of Turkey – you don't have monolithic circles in the grassroots," explains Oney.
"You have a mixture: hybrid groups of conservatives, conservative-looking, but very progressive," she says. "Such hybrid groups are coming together because of a cause, but ideologically or background-wise or social class-wise, they may be very diverse.
"And that's something threatening for the government. Because the government is embarking on divide and rule."
Persistent political headache
Erdogan lost heavily in local elections earlier this year, a defeat widely blamed both on economic problems and anger over Turkey's ties to Israel.
The 1,000 Youth for Palestine activists say they hope to continue to build on those results.
"The reason for our success is that we put our finger on the right spot. We expose the hypocrisy of both the capitalists, the corporations and the government," claims Murat, a university student who belongs to the group.
"People also saw this hypocrisy and thought that someone should speak out, and they supported us a lot because of that," he added. "We will unite as the people of Turkey and continue to stand in the right place in history to stop the massacre in Palestine."
The diversity of 1,000 Youth for Palestine is seen as its main strength, which is why it will likely continue to pose a political headache for Erdogan. Yet it may also offer hope that the deep divides in Turkish society can be bridged.
