Thousands of flights across the US were cancelled or delayed after a system that offers safety information to pilots failed. The American government has launched an investigation into the breakdown, which grounded some planes for hours.
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) said preliminary indications “traced the outage to a damaged database file”. The agency said it would take steps to avoid another similar disruption.
The breakdown showed how much American air travel depends on the computer system that generates alerts called NOTAMs — or Notice to Air Missions. Before a plane takes off, pilots and airline dispatchers must review the notices, which include details about bad weather, runway closures or other temporary factors that could affect the flight. The system was once telephone-based but moved online years ago.
The system broke down late on Tuesday (January 10) and was not fixed until midmorning on Wednesday (January 11). The FAA took the rare step of preventing any planes from taking off for a time, and the cascading chaos led to more than 1,300 flight cancellations and 9,000 delays by early evening on the East Coast, according to flight-tracking website FlightAware.
Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg told a news conference that the problems “led to a ground stop because of the way safety information was moving through the system”. After the failures were fixed, he warned that travellers could continue to see some effects “rippling through the system”.
Longtime aviation insiders could not recall an outage of such magnitude caused by a technology failure. Some compared it in scope to the nationwide shutdown of airspace after the 2001 terrorist attacks.
“Periodically there have been local issues here or there, but this is pretty significant historically,” said Tim Campbell, a former senior vice president of air operations at American Airlines and now a consultant in Minneapolis.
Mr Campbell said there has long been concern about the FAA’s technology, and not just the NOTAM system. Many of those systems “are old mainframe systems that are generally reliable, but they are out of date,” he said.
According to FAA advisories, it resorted to a telephone hotline to keep departures flying overnight, but as air traffic picked up in the morning, the phone system was overwhelmed. The FAA ordered all departing flights grounded early on Wednesday, affecting all passenger and cargo flights. Some medical flights could get clearance, and the outage did not affect military operations.
President Joe Biden said that he was briefed by Mr Buttigieg. Pilots and safety officials have complained about NOTAMs for years, saying there are too many of them and that some are unnecessary and written in cryptic abbreviations.
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