People who have thin legs are at a higher risk of suffering heart failure after having a heart attack, a new study has found. But this is not the first limb-related study to make headlines, with research previously suggesting that having quadriceps is associated with a lower risk of death in patients with coronary artery disease.
According to research, myocardial infarction, known commonly as a heart attack, is the most common cause of heart failure. Around six to nine percent of heart attack patients go on to have heart failure, reports the Mirror.
The new study tested the possibility that leg strength is associated with a lower risk of developing heart failure after acute myocardial infarction. A total of 932 patients hospitalised between 2007 to 2020 with acute myocardial infarction who did not have heart failure prior to their admission, and did not develop heart failure complications during their hospital stay, with an average age of 66, took part.
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Maximal quadriceps strength was measured as an indicator of leg strength with patients sitting on a chair and contracting their quadriceps muscles as hard as possible for five seconds. A handheld dynamometer attached to the ankle recorded the maximum value in kilos with the measurement performed on each leg and the researchers used the average of both values.
Strength was expressed relative to body weight, meaning that quadriceps strength in kilos was divided by body weight in kilos and multiplied by 100 for a percentage body weight value. Patients were classified as 'high' or 'low' strength according to whether their value was above or below the median for their sex.
The median value for women was 33 percent body weight and the median value for men was 52 percent body weight. A total of 451 patients had low quadriceps strength and 481 had high strength.
During an average follow-up of four-and-a-half years, 67 patients (7.2 percent) developed heart failure. The incidence of heart failure was 10.2 per 1,000 person-years in patients with high quadriceps strength and 22.9 per 1,000 person-years in those with low strength. The Japanese researchers analysed the association between quadriceps strength and the risk of developing heart failure.
Compared with low quadriceps strength, a high strength level was associated with a 41 percent lower risk of developing heart failure. The research team also found that each five percent body weight increment in quadriceps strength was associated with an 11 percent lower likelihood of heart failure.
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