Earth just recorded its hottest 12-month streak (from November 2022 to October 2023) with respect to the preindustrial (1850–1900) baseline, according to researchers at Climate Central. "Most of this warming, about 1.28ºC, results from human-induced climate change, with natural variation in the climate caused by processes such as the ongoing ocean-warming event El Niño contributing much less, says climate researcher Friederike Otto at Imperial College London," according to Nature.
The Copernicus Climate Change Service basically concurs. Its researchers report that October 2023 was the warmest October in its global temperature record, which goes back to 1940. The average surface air temperature rose 0.85°C above the 1991–2020 average for October and was 1.7°C above the average for the pre-industrial reference period. October 2023 "marked the fifth consecutive month of record temperatures globally," per Copernicus.
