Tens of thousands of Israelis — hoisting flags, blowing on horns and chanting "democracy" and "no to dictatorship"— have protested outside the parliament, with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's government formally launched a controversial plan to overhaul the country's legal system.
It is the largest protest outside the Knesset in years and reflected the deep divisions over the plan. The proposed changes have triggered weeks of mass demonstrations, drawn cries of protests from influential business leaders and former military men and even prompted a statement of concern from President Joe Biden.
Despite a plea from the nation's president, Isaac Herzog, to put the legislation on hold, Mr Netanyahu's allies approved a series of legislative changes during a stormy committee meeting on Tuesday. The vote now sends the legislation to the full parliament for a series of votes — an opening salvo in a battle expected to stretch on for weeks.
"They hear our cry. They hear the strong voice of truth," opposition leader Yair Lapid said from the stage outside parliament. "They hear it and they're afraid."
Mr Netanyahu and his supporters say the proposed changes are needed to rein in a judiciary that wields too much power. But his critics say the judicial overhaul will destroy Israeli democracy. They also say that Mr Netanyahu, who is on trial for a series of corruption charges, has a conflict of interest. Mr Netanyahu has denied all allegations against him.
The protesters came from across the country. Organisers claimed that upwards of 100,000 people were in attendance, with Arab, women and LGBT+ activists, as well as leaders of the opposition parties, addressing the crowd. They were joined by groups of academics, army reservists, students, LGBT+ activists, high-tech employees and pensioners. Police estimates cited by Israeli media were around 90,000.
Thousands of people arrived in Jerusalem on packed trains, streaming up escalators in the city's main train station chanting, "democracy," cheering and whistling, and waving the national flag. Hundreds of others gathered in protest at Jerusalem's Western Wall, the holiest site where Jews can pray, before marching toward the Knesset.
In parliament, opposition legislators vocally protested the proposed reform to judge appointments ahead of a committee vote that would send the bill to the full parliament for a vote. During an unruly session, members of the opposition stood on the conference table, pounded the desks and shouted "shame!" as a key Netanyahu ally tried to hold the vote. Simha Rotman, who chairs the committee, ejected several opposition politicians.
The motions passed in a 9-7 committee vote.
Many protesters outside carried the blue and white Israeli flag and posters decrying what they saw as an attack on the country's democratic institutions. "Shame! Shame!" and "Israel will not be a dictatorship!" they chanted.
"The people won't have it," said Boaz Zarki, a demonstrator in Jerusalem. "The separation of authority is critical to the existence of democracy, and we need to do everything in our power to prevent" the changes from passing.
Other large demonstrations were held in cities around the country.
At a joint press conference at the Knesset, the former defense minister Benny Gantz said that opposition party leaders were united "against the targeted assassination of democracy."
Mr Netanyahu and his allies took office in December after the country's fifth election in less than four years. That election, like its predecessors, focused on Netanyahu's fitness for office at a time when he is facing serious criminal charges.
Mr Netanyahu has lashed out at the country's police, prosecutors and judges, saying he is the victim of a deep-state style conspiracy to oust him. His critics say he is motivated by a personal grudge and his campaign will destroy Israel's democratic system of checks and balances.
The legislation approved in committee Monday would give Mr Netanyahu's parliamentary majority the authority for appointing all of the country's judges — a step that critics say could pave the way for his trial to be dismissed. A second change would take away the Supreme Court's authority to review the legality of major pieces of legislation, known as Basic Laws.
Mr Netanyahu's coalition also plans on passing another law that would give parliament the power to overturn Supreme Court decisions it dislikes.
Taken together, critics say this will destroy the country's system of checks and balances and unleash a process similar to those having taken place in countries like Poland and Hungary.
Eliad Shraga, chairman of the Movement for Quality Government, a civil-society group that organized Monday's demonstration, said the gathering was meant to send a message of support to the Supreme Court and a warning to the Knesset.
"We will fight to the end," he told The Associated Press. "They want to change Israel from a liberal democracy to a dictatorship".
Late on Sunday, President Isaac Herzog appealed to Mr Netanyahu to put the legislation on hold and open a dialogue with the opposition. Netanyahu has not responded to the appeal.
