Two new studies confirm that Covid-19 first emerged at an animal market in China's Wuhan. The World Health Organization has welcomed the assessments but insists it is too early to rule out other theories.
Solving the mystery of where the Covid-19 virus came from and how it began spreading among humans is viewed as vital to averting future pandemics.
Two theories
"All hypotheses remain on the table," WHO emergencies director Michael Ryan told reporters from the UN health agency's Geneva headquarters on Wednesday.
The two main theories that have been hotly debated since Covid first surfaced in China in late 2019 have centred on the virus naturally spilling over from bats to an intermediary animal and into humans or escaping due to a lab accident.
Two peer-reviewed studies published in Science Tuesday claimed to have tipped the balance in the debate about the virus's origins, concluding it must have been introduced naturally through the wildlife trade at the Wuhan market.
The first paper analysed the geographic pattern of Covid cases in the outbreak's first month, December 2019, showing the first cases were tightly clustered around Wuhan's Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market.
The second examined genomic data from the earliest cases to study the virus' early evolution, concluding it was unlikely the coronavirus circulated widely in humans prior to November 2019.
Scientific detective story
"This is a scientific detective story that goes on. Each new piece of information adds to the overall assessment," he said, stressing though that "all hypotheses remain on the table until you can prove that one hypothesis is the explanatory hypothesis."
Maria Van Kerkhove, WHO's technical lead for Covid-19, welcomed the studies, as well as another one published this week looking at environmental samples.
WHO experts, she said, had already evaluated the studies, which were previously posted as "preprints" before being vetted by scientific peer review.
"These are good analyses," she told reporters, but stressed that more studies on the ground in China and beyond were needed before any final conclusions could be drawn.
More studies needed
"What is really critical...is looking further within China, further within Wuhan, and in the markets within Wuhan" with further studies to "look at where the animals who were sold at those markets came from...and looking at the people who worked at those source farms", she said.
"So for us this does provide more information around what was happening early days, but unfortunately, it's not enough.
"We need more studies to be done in China and elsewhere to really understand the earliest stages."
Without more studies, "there are still open questions for us," she said.
The goal, she stressed, "is not just to figure out how this pandemic began, it is to learn how we better prepare for the future."
(with newswires)
