Sri Lanka is mired in a deep political and economic crisis and the president, Gotabaya Rajapaksa, has offered his resignation after being forced to flee his residence in the face of a huge crowd of protesters who eventually stormed the compound.
Protesters in the island nation of 22 million people demanded the resignation after suffering months of lengthy blackouts, acute food and fuel shortages and galloping inflation in its most painful downturn on record. Here is a look back at how the crisis has unfolded:
1 April 2022
Rajapaksa declares a temporary state of emergency, giving security forces sweeping powers to arrest and detain suspects, after a spate of protests.
3 April
Almost all of Sri Lanka’s cabinet resigns at a late-night meeting, leaving Rajapaksa and his brother Mahinda - the prime minister - isolated. The governor of the central bank, having resisted calls to seek a bailout from the International Monetary Fund , announces his resignation a day later.
5 April
President Rajapaksa’s problems deepen as finance minister Ali Sabry resigns just a day after he was appointed.
The embattled leader loses his parliamentary majority as former allies urge him to quit. He lifts the state of emergency.
10 April
Sri Lanka’s doctors say they are nearly out of life-saving medicines, warning that the crisis could end up killing more than the coronavirus pandemic.
12 April
The government announces it is defaulting on its foreign debt of $51bn as a “last resort” after running out of foreign exchange to import desperately needed goods.
19 April
Police kill a protester, the first casualty of several weeks of anti-government protests. The next day the IMF says it has asked Sri Lanka to restructure its colossal external debt before a rescue package can be agreed.
9 May
A mob of government loyalists bussed in from the countryside attack peaceful protesters camped outside the president’s seafront office in Colombo. Nine people are killed and hundreds more injured in the reprisal attacks that follow, with crowds targeting those responsible for the violence and setting fire to the homes of lawmakers.
Mahinda Rajapaksa resigns as prime minister, and has to be rescued by troops after thousands of protesters storm his residence in Colombo. He is replaced by Ranil Wickremesinghe, a political veteran who had already served several terms as premier.
10 May
The defence ministry orders troops to shoot on sight anyone involved in looting or “causing harm to life”. But protesters defy a fresh government curfew, which is rolled back at the end of the week. The top police officer in Colombo is assaulted and his vehicle set ablaze.
10 June
The United Nations warns that Sri Lanka is facing a dire humanitarian crisis, with millions already in need of aid. More than three-quarters of the population had reduced their food intake due to the country’s severe food shortages, the UN says.
27 June
The government says Sri Lanka is nearly out of fuel and halts all petrol sales except for essential services.
1 July
The government publishes data showing inflation has hit a record high for the ninth consecutive month, a day after the IMF asks Sri Lanka to rein in high prices and galloping inflation.
9 July
President Rajapaksa flees his official residence in Colombo with the assistance of troops, shortly before demonstrators storm the compound, and he is taken to an undisclosed location offshore.
Footage from inside the residence shows jubilant protesters jumping in the pool and exploring its stately bedrooms.
Wickremesinghe’s residence is set on fire. Police say he and his family were not at the scene. Rajapaksa later offers to step down on 13 July, parliamentary speaker Mahinda Abeywardana says in a televised statement.
13 July
President Rajapaksa flies to the Maldives on a military aircraft, accompanied by his wife and two bodyguards. His departure comes after a humiliating airport standoff in Colombo, where immigration staff did not allow VIP services and insisted all passengers go through public counters.
Wickremesinghe is appointed as acting president in Rajapaksa’s absence, the parliamentary speaker says. Following the president’s departure, the Sri Lankan government declares an indefinite state of emergency.
14 July
Protesters announce they will end their occupation of official buildings, including the presidential palace, presidential secretariat and the prime minister’s office, but vow to press on with their bid to bring down the president and PM.
President Rajapaksa leaves the Maldives for Singapore, with the city-state’s government saying he is on a “private visit” and has not applied for asylum. On arrival, he emails his resignation as president to the parliamentary speaker, a Sri Lankan official says. The resignation is forwarded to the country’s attorney general to consider legal implications before a decision on whether to formally accept it.
