Although there are a few types of microphones for filmmaking, the most common type used for general filmmaking is the shotgun, whether that be a small battery-powered cold shoe-mounted mic or a larger, phantom-powered option. Of course, there are wireless and lavaliers too, but for daily use, the shotgun is king.
Shotgun mics have a fairly similar feature set and build type, no matter which end of the budget they come in at. At the cheaper end, there are many options, although Rode seems to have dominated for a while now.
