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What is the name of the zone in the ocean where sunlight cannot penetrate and photosynthesis cannot occur?
- Abyssal zone
- Twilight zone
- Mesopelagic zone
- Aphotic zone
The aphotic zone is the portion of a lake or ocean where there is little or no sunlight. It is formally defined as the depths beyond which less than 1% of sunlight penetrates.
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Which marine ecosystem is characterized by underwater mountains and volcanoes where a diverse range of species can be found due to nutrient-rich upwelling?
- Coral reefs
- Hydrothermal vents
- Kelp forests
- Mangrove swamps
Hydrothermal vents are fissures on the seabed from which geothermally heated water discharges. They are commonly found near volcanically active places, areas where tectonic plates are moving apart at mid-ocean ridges, ocean basins, and hotspots.
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Which of the following gases is most commonly dissolved in seawater, contributing to its salinity?
- Oxygen
- Nitrogen
- Carbon dioxide
- Hydrogen
Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can lead to increased salinity in the ocean. As carbon dioxide levels in ocean water increase, this causes the formation of carbonic acid, lowering the pH of the ocean.
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