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Bethan Juliet Oake, PhD Candidate in the School Of Philosophy, Religion And History Of Science, University of Leeds

Satanism, ritual cults and Hollywood: debunking 'satanic panic' conspiracy theories

Satanic panic in the modern era: how conspiracy theories take hold in times of crisis. Canva

Earlier this year the non-binary singer-songwriter, Sam Smith, performed their song Unholy, at the Grammys. Dressed in a red devil-horned top hat and latex costume, the performance drew upon popular occult and gothic aesthetics. And it attracted a huge amount of criticism for the supposed promotion of satanic imagery.

Conspiracy theorists alleged that the performance was, in fact, a real, satanic ritual orchestrated by an elite cult of Hollywood satanists. Its supposed aim? To morally subvert society by brainwashing and indoctrinating young people.

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