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The Guardian - UK
The Guardian - UK
Science
Ian Sample

Roman Empire’s use of lead lowered IQ levels across Europe, study finds

Vulcan's Forge by Velázquez
Vulcan’s Forge by Diego Velázquez in 1630. Vulcan was the Roman god of fire and metalworking, which contributed with other industries to vast pollution in the Roman empire Photograph: Album/Alamy

Apart from sanitation, medicines, education, wine, public order, irrigation, roads, the fresh water system and public health, what did the Romans ever do for us? asks an exasperated Reg in Monty Python’s Life of Brian.

One answer, according to a new study, is widespread cognitive decline across Europe, courtesy of the vast quantities of lead pollution churned out by the booming metals industry that shaped the empire.

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