Humza Yousaf said that Rishi Sunak would not budge on a second independence referendum and the blocking of gender laws during their first meeting since he became First Minister.
The pair met for around 20 minutes in the Houses of Parliament in Westminster tonight.
Yousaf said that he raised the blocking of the gender reform laws, the foreign office attempting to stop trips abroad by foreign ministers and a second independence referendum.
They also spoke about the 10.1 per cent tax increase on Scotch whisky, but Yousaf said the Prime Minister "didn't give an indication" that he would budge on the issues.
Speaking to the Record after the meeting, Yousaf said: "It was a constructive engagement. I made it very clear that I thought the undermining of devolution was unacceptable.
"I did not appreciate the fact that the FCDO were trying to curtail our external engagement.
"I told the Prime Minister that I would not stop seeking the section 30 order because that's the democratic mandate that we have.
"I asked that he grant an exemption to the internal markets act within weeks to ensure the viability of the scheme.
"We spoke about the cost of living crisis and I urged for more targeted support for low income households as well and he gave me a very helpful briefing on the situation in Sudan, which I was very keen to hear about."
When asked if they spoke about the 10.1 per cent Scotch whisky tax rise, Yousaf said: "I made the point. The Scotch Whisky Association, to me, has a very reasonable point. They are not eligible, it seems for the energy relief scheme, and additional taxation at a time when inflation and energy prices are so high, I thought was unacceptable.
"He didn't give me an indication, I'm afraid, that he will be willing to look again at that. But I did tell him the importance of that industry to Scotland and the UK as a whole."
On the other issues discussed, Yousaf said: "He often used the phrase that he would consider what I'd said and of course wanted to continue the dialogue. So we'll keep pressing and we'll keep pushing where we can."
The meeting came amid the looming court battle between Holyrood and Westminster after Scottish Secretary Alister Jack blocked the Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill.
The First Minister has previously said challenging the UK Government’s block on the gender Bill was “our only means of defending our Parliament’s democracy from the Westminster veto”.
But Sunak said Westminster had taken “very careful and considered advice” on the issue before acting.
While the meeting with Sunak was the first in person since the SNP leader was made Scotland’s First Minister last month, it was not be their first conversation. The pair spoke via telephone after Yousaf was chosen by MSPs to be First Minister on March 28.
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