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Environment
Patrick Byrne, Reader in Hydrology and Environmental Pollution, Liverpool John Moores University

PFAS: you can't smell, see or taste these chemicals, but they are everywhere – and they're highly toxic to humans

PFAS are persistent and spread through the atmosphere via hydrological processes. Chatchawal Phumkaew/Shutterstock

Humans perceive risk based largely on what we can see, smell and taste. Those senses serve us well when there are perceptible dangers to our health and the environment.

We can see and smell raw sewage and as such it is widely perceived as a risk to human and environmental health. The increasing concern of scientists about the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in sewage has confirmed its actual risk. The Environment Agency also reports that pollution from sewage discharge is a leading cause of poor river quality in England.

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