In OpenAI’s own words, it wants ChatGPT to be “objective by default” and believes bias undermines trust. In this study, the company describes political and ideological bias in large language models as an open research problem, meaning there’s currently no agreed-upon definition of political bias in AI across the industry, and no method that can completely eliminate it.
To address this, OpenAI decided to test GPT-5’s political bias directly. It used its internal Model Spec, a rulebook outlining how ChatGPT should behave, to create measurable ways to see whether the AI was following those standards.
