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The Independent UK
The Independent UK
National
Claudia Rosel

Ocean protections clash with mining pressure in Indonesia's most diverse marine ecosystem

APTOPIX Climate Indonesia Mining - (Copyright 2026 The Associated Press. All rights reserved)

There is an explosion of color beneath the surface in Raja Ampat, a remote archipelago in eastern Indonesia where sharks, mantas and sea turtles glide alongside vast schools of fish through sea fan coral formations, some of which are only found in its waters.

“There’s nowhere on Earth that has as many fish, corals and everything else packed into one small place,” said Mark Erdmann, an American coral reef biologist who has spent more than two decades studying the region and became a central figure in building Raja Ampat’s conservation model.

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