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Fortune
Fortune
Jordan Blum

Nuclear fusion, the 'holy grail' of power, was always 30 years away—now it’s a matter of when, not if, fusion comes online to power AI

Industry leader Commonwealth Fusion Systems is building its pilot plant, SPARC, outside of Boston to come online in 2027. The facility's tokamak hall will house the doughnut-shaped, superconducting magnet system where the fusion reactions are generated. (Credit: Commonwealth Fusion Systems)

The breakthrough scientific moment for fusion power—and the potential for nearly limitless electricity from a so-called star in a jar—came at the end of 2022 when scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory successfully achieved “first ignition,” fusing atoms through extreme heat to generate more energy than the setup consumes for the first time ever.

The project’s principal designer, nuclear physicist Annie Kritcher, wasn’t content to keep the science in the lab after achieving what she deemed the “Wright brothers’ moment” for fusion. Kritcher cofounded Inertia Enterprises in August to bring the power to the actual grid. The potential promise of fusion is for consistent, clean power without radioactive waste, intermittency issues, or the dependence on foreign supply chains.

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