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The Guardian - UK
The Guardian - UK
Comment
Jason Burke

Nobody knows what would follow regime change in Iran – but what happened in 1979 offers some pointers

A billboard in Tehran of the supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei that translates as: ‘We know US president as a criminal following anti-government protests’, 2 February 2026.
A billboard in Tehran of the supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei that translates as: ‘We know US president as a criminal following anti-government protests’, 2 February 2026. Photograph: Abedin Taherkenareh/EPA

A critical moment looms for Iran, and so for the Middle East. The global consequences of any upheaval in Tehran have been made amply clear since the revolution in 1979 that ushered in the rule of radical Islamist clerics. In Oman, the Iranian foreign minister Abbas Araghchi and his team have begun indirect talks with a high-powered US delegation. Many analysts believe the gap between the two sides is too wide to be bridged, and that a conflict is inevitable. Just this weekend, having already threatened military action, Donald Trump said regime change is the “the best thing that could happen” in Iran. The tension, and risks grow higher.

The hold on Iran of those who came to power in the aftermath of the 1979 revolution is now at stake. The ultimate objective of the US appears to be regime change. This may, in fact, already be under way. In December 2025 and January 2026, the most extensive wave of protest since the early 1980s swept Iran, with hundreds of thousands taking to the streets from Mashhad to Abadan.

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