Researchers have identified "core" genes that place a person more at risk of developing type 1 diabetes, potentially unlocking new immunotherapies to prevent, delay or even cure the lifelong condition one day. The immune systems of those living with type 1 diabetes attacks cells in the pancreas which are then unable to produce insulin. Those with type 1 diabetes must monitor blood sugar levels and take insulin every day.
The study, funded by Diabetes UK, looked at the genetic data from 4,964 people with type 1 diabetes and 7,497 without, as well as analysing blood samples. Researchers led by Professor Helen Colhoun and Professor Paul McKeigue from the University of Edinburgh pinpointed a "core" group of nine genes all linked to the immune system, seven of which have a crucial role in regulating cells that attack the pancreas in cases of type 1 diabetes.
Two of the genes are linked to the immune system's first line of defence, such as identifying bacteria or viruses, and had not previously been associated with type 1 diabetes. Researchers said these pathways could be targeted with immunotherapies in the future to prevent or slow down the development of type 1 diabetes.
