The revised NCERT Class 9 Social Science textbook places India's historical traditions of governance alongside its modern constitutional institutions, drawing references from the Ramayana's idea of ‘Ram Rajya’, the concept of Rajdharma, the Upanishads and the Sengol associated with the Chola tradition.
The book, Understanding Society: India and Beyond – Part 2, was released on September 29 as part of the ongoing revision of Class 9 textbooks under the National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCF-SE) 2023. NCERT's Grade 9 syllabus includes history, geography, political science and economics, with the revised curriculum designed around competency-based and experiential learning.
