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Waya Quiviger, Professor of Practice of Gobal Governance and Development, IE University

NATO has deep divisions – but why is Spain its most openly critical member?

NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte and NATO Heads of State and Government during the last NATO Summit, held in The Hague, Netherlands, on June 24-25, 2025. NATO

Many observers, including NATO’s official communications site, hailed June’s NATO summit as “historic”, primarily due to a landmark pledge by core member states to increase defence spending to 5% of GDP by 2035 – a significant shift from the current target of 2%.

President Trump played a key role in pushing for this increase and has framed the summit as a major foreign policy win. “It’s a great victory for everybody, I think, and we will be equalised,” Trump said of the new spending commitment.

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