In order to help train its AI models, Meta (and others) have been using pirated versions of copyrighted books, without the consent of authors or publishers. The company behind Facebook and Instagram faces an ongoing class-action lawsuit brought by authors including Richard Kadrey, Sarah Silverman, and Christopher Golden, and one in which it has already scored a major (and surprising) victory: The Californian court concluded last year that using pirated books to train its Llama LLM did qualify as fair use.That's not the whole story, however, as Meta still faces the charge that it infringed copyright by downloading and sharing these books via BitTorrent (thanks, TorrentFreak). Meta obtained the books from so-called shadow libraries by using aggregators such as Anna’s Archive, and the nature of BitTorrent transfers means the company was both downloading the content and uploading it for other users. The authors bringing the case claim this is widespread and direct copyright infringement.You'd think this case would be as open-and-shut as it gets, but never underestimate an army of high-priced lawyers. Meta has now come up with the striking defense that uploading pirated books to strangers via BitTorrent qualifies as fair use. It further goes on to claim that this is double good, because it has helped establish the United States' leading position in the AI field.Fair warning: the argument is circular and at times confusing, which may well be part of the intention. Meta’s argument is that, because anyone who uses BitTorrent automatically uploads content to others, it is inherent to the process: it's just how these things work. It says the use of BitTorrent was essential in order to get the (pirated) data in bulk, which was only possible through torrents."Meta used BitTorrent because it was a more efficient and reliable means of obtaining the datasets, and in the case of Anna’s Archive, those datasets were only available in bulk through torrent downloads," says Meta’s legal counsel."Accordingly, to the extent Plaintiffs can come forth with evidence that their works or portions thereof were theoretically 'made available' to others on the BitTorrent network during the torrent download process, this was part-and-parcel of the download of Plaintiffs’ works in furtherance of Meta’s transformative fair use purpose.”"This argument is an Ouroboros: Meta is saying that it needed the millions of copyrighted works for what the court has already decided is fair use in training the LLM, that BitTorrent was the only practical way to get those works en masse, and that therefore the act of torrenting itself now comes under that fair use defense.
