Scientific research publishing is a particularly lucrative industry. The most recent estimates suggest that it generates around 19 billion US dollars (or 16.67 billion euros) in annual turnover, with margins of around 40 per cent. These staggering figures largely reflect the fact that the “Big Five” commercial publishers, such as Elsevier, Springer Nature, Wiley, Taylor & Francis and SAGE, are capitalising on work that is largely funded by public money.
This monetisation takes place either by making a scientific article fee-paying, accessible via paid subscription, or by charging authors to publish in open access for readers. Yet most of the work required for publication – notably writing, peer review and a large part of the editorial work – is carried out free of charge by researchers. The direct consequence is that an institution or a country’s wealth still partly dictates access to scientific knowledge.
