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The Conversation
The Conversation
David Kitchen, Associate Professor of Geology, University of Richmond

Living near the fire – 500 million people worldwide have active volcanoes as neighbors

Indonesia's Mount Merapi spews lava during an eruption on May 23, 2023. Over 250,000 people live nearby. DEVI RAHMAN/AFP via Getty Image

The thought of living near an active volcano probably sounds like an unimaginable risk to you – and rightly so. An active volcano is never safe and can turn a forested hillside into a lifeless wasteland in a matter of seconds. From molten avalanches of rock to razor-sharp lung-shredding ash, volcanoes threaten people’s lives and property.

Yet 500 million people worldwide live and work under the shadow of active volcanoes. As a geologist who’s studied many volcanoes over the years, I’ve come to realize it’s naïve to ask, “Why don’t these people just move to less risky places?”

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