Since 2013, at least 38 state constitutional amendments related to parental rights have been introduced in state legislatures. From 2013 to 2021, there were between one and three amendments introduced each year. In 2022, there were four constitutional amendments introduced. In 2023, that number more than tripled, with 13 state constitutional amendments proposed in nine states—Arizona, Colorado, Illinois, Louisiana, Maine, Missouri, Oregon, Texas, and Virginia.
As of June 22, none of these constitutional amendments have made the ballot. Except in Delaware, state constitutional amendments require voter ratification after receiving legislative approval.
This year, all 13 constitutional amendments are sponsored by legislative Republicans. From 2013 to 2022, all the amendments were sponsored by legislative Republicans, except for one proposal in Delaware, where one Democrat joined with 20 Republicans to co-sponsor an amendment.
